Web and API Pentest

There are direct and indirect methods of search engine search and reconnaissance. Direct methods refer to searching the indexes and related content from the cache. Indirect methods refer to gathering sensitive design and configuration information by searching forums, newsgroups, and website alerts.

The very complexity of the networked and heterogeneous web server infrastructure, which may include multiple web applications, makes configuration management and review a fundamental step in testing and deploying each application. It only takes one vulnerability to compromise the security of the entire infrastructure. We audit your entire website security.

One of the core components of any web-based application is the mechanism that controls and maintains state for a user interacting with it. This is called session management and is defined as the set of all controls that govern the stateful interaction between a user and the application.

Often, during a pentest on web applications, we come across many error messages generated by applications or web servers. These error messages are very useful for attackers, as they contain a lot of information about databases, errors and other technological components that are directly connected to web applications.

In modern applications, it is common to define system roles to manage users and permissions for system resources. Administrators represent a role that provides access to privileged and sensitive functions and information, and regular users represent a role that provides access to regular business functions and information.

Testing the transport of credentials means checking whether the data is transmitted unencrypted from the browser to the server or whether the web application uses the appropriate security measures with a protocol such as HTTPS. The HTTPS protocol is based on TLS/SSL to encrypt the transmitted data.

Many web applications use and manage data as part of their daily operations. With input validation methods that were not well designed or deployed, an attacker could exploit the system to read or write data that should not be accessible. In special situations, it may be possible to execute arbitrary system commands.

The most common web application security vulnerabilities occur when user input is not properly validated. This weakness leads to almost all major vulnerabilities in web applications, such as cross-site scripting, SQL injection, interpreter injection, local and Unicode attacks, file system attacks, and buffer overflows.

Sensitive data must be protected during transmission over the network. This data may include user data. Even if high-quality encryption is normally used today, misconfiguration can result in weak encryption being enforced, allowing an attacker to read sensitive data.

Testing for errors in business logic often requires unconventional methods. When developing an application's authentication mechanism, perform steps 1, 2, 3 in this specific order to authenticate a user. What happens if the user goes from step 1 directly to step 3?

Client-side testing is concerned with the execution of code on the client, typically natively in a web browser or browser plugin. The execution of code on the client side is different from the execution on the server and the return of the subsequent content. Here, we test for all common types of cross-site scripting.

Modern applications use an API for calling micro services, performing actions or monitoring user behavior. The design or structure of the API is often made publicly available to users. Based on this structure, the attacker can understand the API and use the information for further attacks.

The term patch management refers to the strategic control for importing system updates that are used to close security gaps in software applications that have only been identified after market launch. Outdated software packages or frameworks from external sources should always be up to date.